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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Epistylis

Epistylis Ehrenberg, 1830 (ref. ID; 2014) or 1838 (ref. ID; 1248, 1555)

From Dr. Inaki

From Dr. Ouchiyama

Class Oligohymenophora: Subclass Peritricha: Order Peritrichida: Suborder Sessilina (ref. ID; 2014)
Family Epistylidae Kahl, 1935 (ref. ID; 1248)

[ref. ID; 2014]
Colonial. Inverted bell-shaped body mounted upon branched non-contractile stalk. The peristome with a definite lip encircling the oral region and the peristomial ciliary rows wind only once around the peristome. Often epizooic. Most easily confused with Heteropolaria and Campanella in which genera the peristomal ciliary rows wind 1+1/2 and 4-6 times around the peristome respectively. Could also be mistaken for Opercularia and Orbopercularia in which genera the peristomes are without a lip.
Quote; Colin R. Curds, Michael A. Gates and David McL. Roberts "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part II Ciliophora: Oligohymenophora and Polyhymenophora" Cambridge University Press, 1983 (ref. ID; 2014)

[ref. ID; 1555]
Type species; Epistylis digitalis Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 1555)
  1. Epistylis alpestris Foissner (ref. ID; 3698)
  2. Epistylis anastatica Linnaeus, 1767 (ref. ID; 1620) or (Linnaeus, 1767) Ehrenberg, 1830 (ref. ID; 4613) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
    Syn; Epistylis lacustris Imhoff, 1884 (ref. ID; 4613); Vorticella anastatica Linnaeus, 1967 (ref. ID; 4613)
  3. Epistylis articulata Fromentel, 1874 (ref. ID; 1620)
  4. Epistylis autumnalis Stokes, 1889 (ref. ID; 1620)
  5. Epistylis balanorum Mereschkowski, 1877 (ref. ID; 1620)
  6. Epistylis balatonica Stiller, 1931 (ref. ID; 1620)
  7. Epistylis balatonica var. major Nenninger, 1948
    See; Epistylis chrysemydis (ref. ID; 4610)
  8. Epistylis barbata Gourret, 1886 (ref. ID; 1620)
  9. Epistylis bimarginata Nenninger (ref. ID; 917)
  10. Epistylis biseriata Sommer, 1951 (ref. ID; 1248 original paper)
  11. Epistylis branchiophila Perty-Stein, 1859 (ref. ID; 1620)
  12. Epistylis breviramosa Stiller, 1931 (ref. ID; 1248, 1620)
  13. Epistylis caliciformis Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1620)
  14. Epistylis cambari Kellicott, 1885 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) or Stokes (ref. ID; 2784)
  15. Epistylis chrysemidis Bishop & Jahn, 1941 (ref. ID; 4488) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1335, 1629)
  16. Epistylis chrysemydis Bishop & Jahn, 1941 (ref. ID; 4610)
    Syn; Epistylis balatonica var. major Nenninger, 1948 (ref. ID; 4610); Epistylis polenici var. saprobicum Kutikowa, 1984 (ref. ID; 4610); Opercularia moldavica Sramek-Husek, 1948 (ref. ID; 4610)
  17. Epistylis cincta Sommer, 1951 (ref. ID; 1248 original paper)
  18. Epistylis coarctata Claparede & Lachmann, 1858
    See; Opercularia coarctata (ref. ID; 1113, 4610)
  19. Epistylis constricta Kellicott, 1855 (ref. ID; 917)
  20. Epistylis coronata Nusch, 1970 (ref. ID; 917, 1557 original paper, 1629, 2245, 4610)
  21. Epistylis crassicollis Stein, 1867 (ref. ID; 1620)
  22. Epistylis cylindrica Kusters, 1974 (ref. ID; 4654 original paper)
    See; Opercularia coarctata (ref. ID; 1113)
  23. Epistylis d'udekemi (ref. ID; 1620)
    Syn; Epistylis grandis D'Udekem, 1864 (ref. ID; 1620)
  24. Epistylis daphniae Faure-Fremiet, 1905 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1662)
  25. Epistylis diaptomi Faure-Fremiet, 1905 (ref. ID; 1620)
  26. Epistylis digatilis Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 1248)
  27. Epistylis digitalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ehrenberg, 1830 (ref. ID; 4610, 4613) or Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 1555, 1620, 1629)
    Syn; Hydra digitalis Linnaeus, 1758 (ref. ID; 4610, 4613)
  28. Epistylis dreyeri Guhl, 1972 (ref. ID; 7635 original paper)
  29. Epistylis elongata Stokes, 1889 (ref. ID; 917, 1620, 4654)
  30. Epistylis entzii Stiller, 1935 (ref. ID; 4610, 4730) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1629)
    Syn; Epistylis urceolata Stiller, 1933 (ref. ID; 4730)
  31. Epistylis epibioticum Banina, 1983 (ref. ID; 917)
  32. Epistylis epistyliformis (ref. ID; 191)
  33. Epistylis flavicans Ehrenberg, 1838
    See; Campanella umbellaria (ref. ID; 1620, 2303)
  34. Epistylis fluitans Faure-Fremiet, 1924 (ref. ID; 1620)
  35. Epistylis fugitans Kellicott, 1884 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)
  36. Epistylis galea Ehrenberg, 1831 (ref. ID; 4610), 1835(?) (ref. ID; 917, 1620, 1629) or 1838 (ref. ID; 1557) reported year? (ref. ID; 2245) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1555, 3689)
    Syn; Epistylis ophidioidea Kellicott, 1884 (ref. ID; 1557)
  37. Epistylis gammari Precht, 1935 (ref. ID; 1248)
  38. Epistylis geleii Stiller, 1931 (ref. ID; 1620)
  39. Epistylis grandis Ehrenberg, 1838
    See; Campanella umbellaria (ref. ID; 1620, 2303)
  40. Epistylis harpacticola Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1620)
  41. Epistylis helenae Green (ref. ID; 1662)
  42. Epistylis hentscheli Kahl, 1935 (ref. ID; 4610) reported year? (ref. ID; 917, 1557, 1629, 2245)
  43. Epistylis hoffi (ref. ID; 3689)
  44. Epistylis horizontalis Chatton (ref. ID; 1335)
  45. Epistylis humilis Kellicott, 1887 (ref. ID; 1620)
  46. Epistylis invaginata Claparede & Lachmann, 1858 (ref. ID; 1248, 1620)
  47. Epistylis jaworowskii (ref. ID; 1620)
    Syn; Epistylis pyriformis Jaworowski, 1893 (ref. ID; 1620)
  48. Epistylis lacustris Imhof, 1884 (ref. ID; 917, 1114, 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 3698) or Imhoff, 1884 (ref. ID; 1248, 4613)
    See; Epistylis anastatica (ref. ID; 4613)
  49. Epistylis lacustris f. dichotoma (ref. ID; 1248, 4610)
  50. Epistylis lacustris f. rhabdostyloides (ref. ID; 3292)
  51. Epistylis longicaudatum Banina, 1983 (ref. ID; 917)
  52. Epistylis lwoffi Faure-Fremiet, 1943 (ref. ID; 3969) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3689)
    See; Heteropolaria lwoffi (ref. ID; 3969)
  53. Epistylis microdiscum Stiller, 1963
    Syn; Epistylis ovum Kent, 1881
  54. Epistylis niagarae Kellicott, 1883 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3689)
  55. Epistylis nutans Ehrenberg, 1831
    See; Opercularia nutans (ref. ID; 4610)
  56. Epistylis nympharum Engelmann, 1862 (ref. ID; 1620, 1629, 4610) reported year? (ref. ID; 1248) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4613)
  57. Epistylis obliqua Sommer, 1951 (ref. ID; 1248 original paper)
  58. Epistylis opercularia Stiller, 1942
    See; Opercularia coarctata (ref. ID; 1113)
  59. Epistylis ophidioidea Kellicott, 1884 (ref. ID; 1620)
    See; Epistylis galea (ref. ID; 1557)
  60. Epistylis ophrydiiformis Nusslin, 1884 (ref. ID; 1620)
  61. Epistylis perrieri Faure-Fremiet, 1907 (ref. ID; 1620)
  62. Epistylis plicatilis Ehrenberg, 1831 (ref. ID; 4610) or 1838 (ref. ID; 917, 1219, 1248, 1557, 1620, 1629, 1896, 2245, 2573) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618, 3698) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3292)
  63. Epistylis polenici Matthes, 1955 (ref. ID; 917)
  64. Epistylis polenici var. saprobicum Banina (ref. ID; 917)
  65. Epistylis procumbens (ref. ID; 1629)
  66. Epistylis procumbus (ref. ID; 7768)
  67. Epistylis pygmaeum Ehrenberg (ref. ID; 4489)
  68. Epistylis pyriformis D'Udekem, 1862 (ref. ID; 1620)
  69. Epistylis racemosa Penard (ref. ID; 7059)
  70. Epistylis rotans Svec, 1897 (ref. ID; 917, 1620, 3108, 4610, 4613) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3954, 5388)
    Syn; Epistylis procumbens Zacharias, 1897 (ref. ID; 4610, 4613)
  71. Epistylis rotatorium (ref. ID; 1620)
  72. Epistylis stevcici Scheubel & Guhl, 1973 (ref. ID; 7641 original paper)
  73. Epistylis stilleri (ref. ID; 1620)
    Syn; Epistylis anastatica Stiller, 1859 (ref. ID; 1620)
  74. Epistylis thienemanni Sommer, 1951 (ref. ID; 1248 original paper)
  75. Epistylis tubificis D'Udekem, 1864 (ref. ID; 1620)
  76. Epistylis umbellaria Lachmann
    See; Campanella umbellaria (ref. ID; 2303)
  77. Epistylis umbilicata Claparede & Lachmann, 1858 (ref. ID; 1620)
  78. Epistylis uroceolata Stiller, 1933 (ref. ID; 917, 1620) or 1941 (ref. ID; 1248)
    See; Epistylis entzii Stiller, 1935 (ref. ID; 4730)
  79. Epistylis variabilis Stiller (ref. ID; 3698) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1114)
  80. Epistylis vasta Sommer, 1951 (ref. ID; 1248 original paper)
  81. Epistylis vermicola Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1620)
  82. Epistylis vestita Stokes, 1887 (ref. ID; 1620)
  83. Epistylis violacea Monard, 1918 (ref. ID; 1620)
  84. Epistylis vittata Stokes, 1889 (ref. ID; 1620, 4654)
  85. Epistylis zschokkei (Keiser, 1921) (ref. ID; 1620)

Epistylis bimarginata Nenninger (ref. ID; 917)

Descriptions

This species occurs not only on the gills and peripherial parts of Crustacea, but also in the activated sludge with a medium or low organic load. (ref. ID; 917)

Measurements

Size of zooid 50-86 um. (ref. ID; 917)

Epistylis cambari Kellicott, 1885 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) or Stokes (ref. ID; 2784)

Descriptions

Attached to the gills of Cambarus. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

About 50 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Epistylis daphniae Faure-Fremiet, 1905 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1662)

Descriptions

Epizoic protozoa. The zooid of E. daphniae is about 35-45 um long and 25-35 um wide. Its body form is an inverted bell-shape. The ciliate attaches itself on the surface of hosts by a non-contractile stalk. In a well-developed colony of E. daphniae, the thin, flexuous stalks are usually long, and can be up to six times the zooid length. Sometimes the stalk sheath has several dark bands which might be caused by dense crackles or fractures of the sheath. (ref. ID; 1662)

Remarks

The ciliate can be distinguished from E. helenae Green by the characteristics of its stalk (Green 1974). (ref. ID; 1662)

Host

Moina macrocopa (Straus). (ref. ID; 1662)

Epistylis epibioticum Banina, 1983 (ref. ID; 917)

Descriptions

Small species in the shape of a not-wide funnel, the apical part nearly cylindrical or lengthly narrowed below the peristome, terminal part narrowed regularly down to the basis. The swelling is relatively thick, peristome equal to the width of the body. Macronucleus C-shaped, lies transversely in the apical part. The colonies consisting of 2-4 individuals or single zooids on very long stalk are attached to the stalks of other colonial peritrichs (Epistylis, Carchesium). The stalks in the form a widened disc at the terminal end. Found only in the activated sludge. (ref. ID; 917)

Measurements

Size of the zooid 45-53 um. (ref. ID; 917)

Epistylis fugitans Kellicott, 1884 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

Descriptions

Attached to Sida in early spring. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

50-60 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Epistylis longicaudatum Banina, 1983 (ref. ID; 917)

Descriptions

Small species characterized by a regular pear-like shape and by a narrow, very spindly terminal end. The peristome is very narrowed and circled round by a strong peristomial swelling. Macronucleus C-shaped, situated transversely in the widest body part. Disc is flat. Cytopharynx narrow, long, reaching up to the terminal part of the body. Stalk slim, branching irregular, often one-sided, branches a little curved. Colonies with less than 10 individuals. (ref. ID; 917)

Measurements

Size of the zooid 35-61 um. (ref. ID; 917)

Epistylis niagarae Kellicott, 1883 (ref. ID; 1620) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3689)

Descriptions

Peristomal ring prominent; flat cap makes a slight angle with the ring; band-form macronucleus transverse to long axis, in the anterior third; gullet with ciliated wall; 40-50 zooids in a colony; attached to the antennae and body surface of crayfish or to painted and snapping turtles. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

Expanded body about 160 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Epistylis plicatilis Ehrenberg, 1831 (ref. ID; 4610) or 1838 (ref. ID; 917, 1219, 1248, 1557, 1620, 1629, 1896, 2245, 2573) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618, 3698) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3292)

Descriptions

Elongated bell-form, contracted individuals with characteristics at posterior end. Pellicle slightly annulated. Macronucleus: transverse to longitudinal axis in the anterior part of the cell; dichotomously branched (ref. ID; 1219)

Mesurements

Individuals 70-160 um, colony up to 3 mm. (ref. ID; 1219)
110-162 um long; colony often up to 3 mm. high. (ref. ID; 1618)

Epistylis polenici var. saprobicum Banina (ref. ID; 917)

Descriptions

A big variety with a body as an elongated pear. In some cases body is more elongated and extended both in the upper as well as in the lower part. It is similar to E. urceolata, but differs by the duplicate peristome, by the thin and irregularly bent macronucleus, by a thick and long stalk which is longitudinally striated and has a lucid central canal. (ref. ID; 917)

Measurements

Size of the zooid 97-145 um. (ref. ID; 917)