Trimyema
Trimyema Lackey, 1925 (ref. ID; 2013, 7561)
Class Kinetofragminophora: Subclass Vestibulifera: Order Trichostomatida (ref. ID; 2013)
Order Trichostomatida But.: Family Trimyemidae Kahl (ref. ID; 7561)
Suborder Trimyemina Jankowski, 1980: Family Trimyemidae (ref. ID; 3653)
Synonym Sciadostoma Kahl, 1926 (ref. ID; 1601)
[ref. ID; 2013]
Body outline shape irregular ovoid to reniform, circular in cross-section. Somatic ciliation reduced to 3 concentric rings encircling the body in the anterior region and a single caudal cilium. The anterior most ciliary ring, near the vestibulum, branches into 4 ciliary stripes transversely above the vestibulum thus resembling the perizonal stripe in Metopus. Contractile vacuoles in anterior half of body but never apical. Macronucleus large in anterior half of body.
Most easily confused with Mycterothrix which has an apical contractile vacuole, 4 somatic ciliary rows and is without a caudal cilium.
Quote; Colin R. Curds "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part I Ciliophora: Kinetofragminophora" Cambridge University Press, 1982 (ref. ID; 2013)
- Trimyema alfredkahli Tucolesco, 1962 (ref. ID; 1601, 7561)
- Trimyema claviforme Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620, 7561)
See; Trimyema claviformis (ref. ID; 1601, 1620)
- Trimyema claviformis Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620)
Syn; Trimyema claviforme Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620)
- Trimyema compressa Lackey, 1925 (ref. ID; 1335, 1601, 1629, 4611)
Syn; Trimyema compressum Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601); Trimyema marinum Faure-Fremiet, 1962 (ref. ID; 1601)
- Trimyema compressum Lackey, 1925 (ref. ID; 1219, 1308, 1620, 2245, 2252, 3653) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
Syn; Sciadostoma difficile Kahl, 1926 (ref. ID; 2252, 3653)
- Trimyema echinometrae Groliere, Puytorac & Grain, 1980 (ref. ID; 1601, 7561 original paper)
- Trimyema kahli Tucolesco, 1962 (ref. ID; 1601, 7561)
- Trimyema marina (Kahl, 1931) (ref. ID; 1601)
Syn; Trimyema marinum Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620); Sciadostoma marinum Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 1601)
- Trimyema marinum Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 7561) or 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620)
See; Trimyema marina (ref. ID; 1601, 1620)
- Trimyema minuta (ref. ID; 1601)
Syn; Sciadostoma minutum Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 1601)
- Trimyema pleurispirale Borror, 1963 (ref. ID; 7561)
- Trimyema pleurispiralis Borror, 1972 (ref. ID; 1601)
Descriptions
Marine. Body oblong and slender, slightly tapering anteriorly and posteriorly. Oral apparatus particularly small, bounded at the right margin by a conspicuous dilatation. Macronucleus spherical. Cilia long and fine. According to Tucolesco's figure ciliary spirals cover nearly the whole body, which contrasts his description. Caudal cilium longer than half body length. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length about 60 um. (ref. ID; 1601)
Synonym
Trimyema claviforme Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620)
Descriptions
Marine. Body club-shaped. Posterior third of body unciliated. (ref. ID; 1601)
Trimyema compressa Lackey, 1925 (ref. ID; 1335, 1601, 1629, 4611)
Synonym
Trimyema compressum Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601); Trimyema marinum Faure-Fremiet, 1962 (ref. ID; 1601); Sciadostoma difficile Kahl, 1926 (ref. ID; 1601)
Descriptions
Freshwater and marine. In vivo about 25-50(-60)x15-20(-35) um. Body fusiform to plump S-shaped, laterally slightly flattened, anterior and posterior end slightly tapered. Dorsally and ventrally an inconspicuous ectoplasmatic ridge. Macronucleus spherical to slightly oval, located centrally in most specimens. Micronucleus closely attached to the macronucleus. Contractile vacuole and its pore located in the region of the last ciliary spiral on the right ventro-lateral side. Cytoproct a slit circa 5-10 um long, located in the right dorso-lateral surface. Pellicle thin, flexible and deformable, with very slight ridges paralleling the longitudinal kineties. Cytoplasm rather transparent, contains a lot of refractive long-oval (length about 0.5-1.5 um) granules which are also visible in protargol stained specimens. Food vacuoles about 5 um in diameter. Feeds on bacteria but is not depended on sulfur bacteria. Moves slowly and slightly tremblingly in a straight line or in the arc of a circle rotating on its longitudinal axis. Reproduction by transverse fission. Somatic cilia 7-9 um, strongly beating, arranged in about 50-60 longitudinal kineties but more commonly viewed as 3 oblique spirals. In the anterior region of these spirals the third, fourth, and fifth kinetosomes are paired, consisting the compact field of cilia, consisting of 3x4 and 2x2 cilia. A short row of about 5-10 cilia on the ventral side extends obliquely from the posterior end of the anteriormost somatic spiral to the right. Posterior third of body unciliated apart from the caudal cilium measuring about one third to one half of body length. Vestibulum circa on third of body length, funnel-shaped. Left half of the oral depression more excavated than the right one and, as a consequence, the left margin becomes a thin, transparent layer of ectoplasm and forms a cap or hood-like process bordering the vestibulum. Cytopharyngeal fibres inconspicuous, rectangular to the entrance of the vestibulum. Vestibular kinety 1 a bit longer than vestibular kinety 2. At their anterior ends 4 to 5 pairs of basal bodies or single basal bodies with parsomal sacs. Vestibular kinety 3 consists of only 6-7 cilia. About 60 longitudinal silver lines, connected by transverse lines which are located between the somatic ciliary spirals. In front of the anteriormost ciliary spiral a circumoral silver line from which a few longitudinal lines extend to the vestibulum forming square-like fields at its rim. The longitudinal silver lines fuse at the posterior third forming rough meshes. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length 32-47 um, body width 17-26 um. (ref. ID; 1601)
Trimyema compressum Lackey, 1925 (ref. ID; 1219, 1308, 1620, 2245, 2252, 3653) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
Synonym
Sciadostoma difficile Kahl, 1926 (ref. ID; 2252, 3653)
Descriptions
Lackey found it in Imhoff tank; fresh and salt water (Kahl). (ref. ID; 1618)
T. compressum is more or less spindle-shaped and a little dorso-ventrally flattened. The posterior end is more or less acute and bears a long caudal cilium reaching the half-body length. Vestibulum and cytostome lie close to the apical end. Pellicle is relatively firm with longitudinal keels. Somatic cilia are arranged in 3-4 spiral convolutions on the anterior part of the cell. The posterior part is without cilia. The spherical macronucleus and a single micronucleus are situated in the middle of the cell. Contractile vacuole is in the posterior third. Cytopyge forms a long fissure near the posterior end. (ref. ID; 2252)
Trimyema compressum is a fusiform ciliate with an average length of 65.9 um (53.9-80.4 um) and an average maximum width of 54.6 um (42.3-64.5 um) in silver carbonate-impregnated specimens (n=48). The nuclear apparatus consists of an oval macronucleus placed usually in the anterior half of the body and one micronucleus close to it. The somatic infraciliature is made up of 50-60 longitudinal kineties, each with only three kinetosomes; however, four to six kineties can be observed on the right side, each with four kinetosomes, and one kinety with eight kinetosomes which we have designated kinety n. Somatic kinetosomes bear long kinetodesmal fibers and also one anterior parasomal sac. A long caudal cilium is located at the posterior pole of the body. The oral infraciliature consists of three closely placed rows of kinetosomes. The most external row (R1) begins on the right ventral side of the oral cavity, encircles it on the dorsal side, and ends on the left side. The kinetosomes of the R1 bear kinetodesmal fibers and one associated parasomal sac as do the somatic kinetosomes. An argentophilic line can also be seen beneath the aforementioned external oral row of kinetosomes. The second oral row of kinetosomes (R2) also starts in the right part of the body at the level of the eighth or ninth kinetosome of the R1 while the R2 finishes at the same level as the most external row (R1). In this case, the kinetosomes do not bear kinetodesmal fibers although they also have an argentophilic line following the same line as the row of kinetosomes. The most internal row (R3) (first called to our attention by W. Foissner) is reduced to 6-8 kinetosomes, and it is placed at the left ventral side of the oral cavity. We want to point out the existence of two isolated groups of kinetosomes in the oral cavity, on the right ventro-lateral side of this structure. Each group has two rows with three kinetosomes each. In a few specimens we can observe three groups of kinetosomes instead of two, but in this case the groups are constituted by only two pairs of kinetosomes each. Finally, silver impregnation reveals the existence of some longitudinal lines. These lines, which correspond to the argyrome, anastomose principally on the posterior part of the ciliate body. (ref. ID; 3653)
Measurements
About 65 by 35 um. (ref. ID; 1618)
Length 40-45 um. (ref. ID; 2252)
Trimyema echinometrae Groliere, Puytorac & Grain, 1980 (ref. ID; 1601, 7561 original paper)
Descriptions
Marine. Living endocommensally in sea-urchins. Body peg-top like. Macronucleus spherical, 5-7.5 um in diameter, posteriorly located. Micronucleus not visible. 60 to 70 longitudinal somatic kineties. Cilia distributed in 7 parallel spirals in the anterior half of body. Three vestibular kineties very similarly arranged as in T. compressa. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length about 31(27-40)x17(13-20) um. (ref. ID; 1601)
Trimyema kahli Tucolesco, 1962 (ref. ID; 1601, 7561)
Descriptions
Para-marine. Body conspicuously asymmetric, inverted S-shaped. Peristome in the anterior third of body. Macronucleus spherical, usually located in the middle of the cell. Contractile vacuole close behind the middle of body. Cilia long and fine. Ciliary spirals extending to the posterior pole. Caudal cilium almost rigid, bent to the left. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length about 36-40 um. (ref. ID; 1601)
Synonym
Trimyema marinum Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1601, 1620); Sciadostoma marinum Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 1601)
Descriptions
Marine. Slender fusiform to slender oblong (4:1). In the original figure similar to T. compressa but later figured and redescribed with 5-6 ciliary spirals. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length about 40 um. (ref. ID; 1601)
Synonym
Sciadostoma minutum Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 1601)
Descriptions
Freshwater and marine. Rounded posterior and a prominent beak-like pharynx-opening. Ectoplasmatic ridge more pronounced than in T. compressa, extending from the beak-like pharynx-opening over the back to the posterior. Cilia longer and more rigid the in T. compressa. Further investigations are necessary. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length about 20 um. (ref. ID; 1601)
Descriptions
Marine. Shape of prepared individuals egg-like, circular in cross section. Macronucleus spherical, central. Micronucleus not observed. Cytoproct an elongated (approximately 8 um) slit near posterior pole, lying in the same latitude as cytostome and suture at ends of ciliary spirals. Contractile vacuole pore not observed. Except for elongated caudal cilium, all somatic cilia restricted to anterior half of cell, arranged in at least four spirals (a few individuals possess a partial or even complete fifth spiral, and even a few cilia of a sixth spiral). Outer vestibular kinety in a semicircle dipping posteriorly into vestibulum and terminating near cytostome. Inner vestibular kinety with three regions: (1) Anteriormost two isolated tufts of approximately five cilia each, (2) a row of kinetosomes closely paralleling the outer kinety, extending from the tufts down to cytostome, (3) posteriormost a J-shaped field of cilia. As already mentioned, this interpretation of the oral structure is a little erroneous and incomplete. This species differs from the other members of the genus in number and location of ciliary spirals, which are restricted to the anterior half of body. Unfortunately, Borror (1972) did not give a drawing from life. Thus, the real body shape is unknown. Redescription is needed. (ref. ID; 1601)
Measurements
Body length about 20-44x16-23 (usually less than 20) um. (ref. ID; 1601)