The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta
Tintinnopsis
Tintinnopsis Stein, 1867 (ref. ID; 2014, 3607)
From Dr. Inaki
Class Polyhymenophora: Subclass Spirotricha: Order Oligotrichida: Suborder Tintinnina (ref. ID; 2014)
Order Heterotrichida Stein, 1867: Suborder Tintinnoinea Kofoid & Campbell, 1929: Family Codonellidae Kent, 1882 (ref. ID; 3607)
Subgenus Paratintinnopsis Hada, 1964 (ref. ID; 3495 original paper)
[ref. ID; 2014]
Lorica elongate, rigid chitinous structure with a broad aperture and a closed rounded aboral end. Wall of the lorica thin and covered by foreign particulate materials. Body shape similar to that of Tintinnidium.
Quote; Colin R. Curds, Michael A. Gates and David McL. Roberts "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part II Ciliophora: Oligohymenophora and Polyhymenophora" Cambridge University Press, 1983 (ref. ID; 2014)
[ref. ID; 3495]
The lorica of the forms of the Genus Tintinnopsis is composed of an inner chitinous layer and agglomerated particles attached closely to the former, and the structure of the basal layer is not apparently observed exteriorly in the typical one. However, the form reported in the paper has a lorica consisting on a main part made of the usual structure of Tintinnopsis and of an aboral horn of the basal chitinous layer having a fine reticulation on the surface without agglomerated particles. Now, the author has separated the group of species of Tintinnopsis carrying a lorica consisting of the wall different originally from the typical forms and advanced to establish the new Subgenus Paratintinnopsis for it. (ref. ID; 3495)
[ref. ID; 3596]
Lorica variously shaped, with or without an aboral horn; aboral opening sometimes present; wall composed of a thin ground structure and agglomerated particles attached to the surface of the lorica. In this genus are included many neritic marine and a few fresh and brackish forms. The identification of species in Tintinnopsis is rather difficult, because the form of the lorica is variable within a species on account of the irregular agglomeration of particles. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica bullet-shaped, 1.9-3.6 oral diameters in length; oral rim irregular; bowl cylindrical, aborally conical (55-70 degrees); aboral end pointed; wall thin, agglomerated particles comparatively sparse, arranged radially on the oral margin and irregularly on the surface of the bowl, spiral structure sometimes scarcely visible, aboral opening characteristically situated laterally and rarely obliquely. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
The considerable variation are seen in dimensions, proportions, and irregularity of the aboral opening. The species differs from T. beroidea Stein and T. acuminata Daday in the presence of oral radial processes and of an aboral aperture, from T. baltica Brandt in the absence of a bulge, from T. tubulosoides Menuier in a smaller size and in the existence of a posterior opening, and from T. pusilla in a larger size and possessing a peculiar oral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica comparatively large, generally bullet-shaped; 1.73-2.56 oral diameters in length; oral margin entire; bowl cylindrical or very slightly tapering (up to 7 degrees); aboral region tapering abruptly (77-100 degrees), rarely having a short aboral horn; aboral end blunt or acute; wall thickened, composed of rather coarse agglomerated materials, spiral structure visible, when well-developed sides of the bowl becoming uneven. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
The new species is remarkably variable in form, represented by several different forms. The general contour of most individuals is gradually tapering in the bowl, straight on sides of the lorica, and destitute of an aboral horn, but some are rugged in appearance on account of the well-developed spiral structure and of the presence of a stout aboral horn. In specimens without an aboral horn the aboral end is typically blunt or acute and occasionally rounded. There are a few intermediate forms. The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in larger size, from T. japonica Hada in the conical aboral region and the coarser agglomeration of the wall, and from T. elongata Daday in the presence of the spiral structure and the shape of the aboral region. Elongated conical individuals of the species closely resemble T. elongata in general outline, but are distinguishable from the latter by the presence of a spiral structure and by the abruptly narrowed aboral region. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica slender bullet-shaped, 2.1-3.2 oral diameters in length; bowl cylindrical in the margin part; aboral region usually conical (60-70 degrees), sometimes rounded; distal end blunt; wall thin, bearing a few foreign particles, no spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
Aboral region conical in most specimens of Akkeshi Bay, but in a few cases round like T. tenuis Hada. Lorica somewhat variable in elongation. Individuals shorter than 55 um are very rare in the Bay. The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in the slender lorica, from T. acuminata Daday in smaller size and having a blunt terminal, from T. tenuis Hada in the conical aboral region and slender contour, and from T. sufflata in sparse agglomeration of the wall and the lack of a posterior bulge. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica generally tubular, 4.1 oral diameters in length; oral margin rough; bowl cylindrical in the anterior two-thirds, posteriorly dilated, its greatest diameter 1.3 oral diameters, distally tapering to an aboral horn opening laterally; wall composed of coarse particles, spiral structure invisible. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
Being different from the typical form of T. aperta Brandt only in the small size and in the possession of a somewhat short and stout aboral horn, this form has been identified as a variety of the species. (ref. ID; 3597)
The lorica is short bullet-shaped, and composed of a thin wall with diatoms on the surface as adhering foreign particles. The anterior half of the lorica is cylindrical, and the posterior gradually tapers to a pointing tip. (ref. ID; 3544)
Comments
The lorica of the new form is similar in size and shape to T. strigosa Meunier examined by the Hada (1932) from Sea of Okhotsk, but it different from the latter in having adhering diatoms and no spiral structure on the surface. (ref. ID; 3544)
Lorica campanulate, 1.6-2.5 greatest transdiameters in length; aboral margin flaring, roughened with agglomerated materials, its oral diameter 1.6-2.5 of the greatest transdiameter; bowl more or less inflated in the posterior 0.4-0.6 of the lorica; aboral region conical (50-80 degrees), occasionally tapering to an inconspicuous stout aboral horn; aboral end usually bluntly pointed; aboral opening usually lying laterally, often comparatively large; wall rather coarsely agglomerated, sometimes with a few slight spiral turns in the suboral region. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
All the specimens in the collection have a somewhat flaring collar and an aboral opening such as has not been described in those obtained in the Baltic sea. In stouter specimens the funnel-shaped collar is generally short and the bowl is broader narrowing abruptly towards the aboral end, while in slender ones the collar is usually elongate showing a tendency to being tubular, and the bowl is made of a slight bulge extending into a indistinct aboral horn. The spiral structure on the collar is faintly visible in individuals whose wall is composed of comparatively fine foreign particles. The species differs from T. brevicollis is dimension and the smaller bowl opening aborally, and from T. akkeshiensis in the presence of the posterior dilation. (ref. ID; 3596)
The lorica of this species is divisible into a collar and a bowl portion. The agglomeration is with fine sand grains on the collar and with bigger particles on the bowl. The lorica is about 2.9 oral diameters in length. (ref. ID; 4669)
Measurements
Length, 91.2 um (90.8-94.0 um); oral diameter, 31.2 um (31.0-31.8 um). (ref. ID; 4669)
Lorica bullet-shaped, 1.6-2.0 oral diameters in length; bowl cylindrical, posteriorly conical (70-80 degrees); aboral end acute or bluntly pointed; wall with a faint spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica bullet-shaped, usually cylindrical in the anterior 0.6-0.7 of the total length, aborally conical (75-85 degrees), its length 1.5-2.1 oral diameters; oral rim ragged; aboral end bluntly pointed; wall rather coarse, 0.03-0.04 oral diameters in thickness, without spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3607)
It is characterised by the presence of a small bullet-shaped lorica, which is bluntly pointed aborally. The lorica is about 2.3 oral diameters (all oral diameters reported herein refer to inner oral diameter) in length. Moderate agglomeration is noted. (ref. ID; 4669)
Comments
The species differs from T. acuminata Daday in stouter proportions and coarser agglomeration and from T. parvula Jorgensen in the absence of an aboral bulge. (ref. ID; 3596)
Differs from Tintinnopsis acuminata Daday in stouter proportions and in the subacute aboral end, from Tps. parvula Jorgensen in absence of an aboral expansion below the anterior subcylindrical region, and from Tps. strigosa Meunier in the aboral end. (ref. ID; 3607)
Though the present specimen closely resembles that of Hada (1932), in size it is much bigger (Length, 25-35 um; oral diameter, 11-13 um). It agrees largely with the Atlantic reported by Marshall (1969). (ref. ID; 4669)
Measurements
Length 63-73; oral diameter 35-40 um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Length 58 (42-78); oral diameter 30 (27-34) um. (ref. ID; 3597)
Length 61 (50-74); oral diameter 35 (31-40) um. (ref. ID; 3606)
Length 48 (43-51); oral diameter 27 (26-30) um. (ref. ID; 3607)
The length of the lorica of the agglutinated ciliate T. beroidea ranged between 35 and 125 um (mean 73 um) but was normally between 60 and 80 um. The length of the lorica varied throughout the year, depending on the season. The smallest loricae were observed in summer when temperature was ~22 degrees C, ranging from 40 to 88 um. In autumn, with temperatures ~18 degrees C, the length of the lorica ranged between 50 and 105 um. Oral diameter was very variable, ranging between 20 and 50 um. The lorica was formed by small-sized particles (2-10 um) and sometimes showed an enlargement around the oral region. (ref. ID; 4577)
Length, 88.8 um (78.5-92.3 um); oral diameter, 38.4 um (31.0-39.2 um). (ref. ID; 4669)
Lorica stout, 1.2-1.4 oral diameters in length; oral margin ragged; bowl sometimes more or less flaring orally; aboral region abruptly narrowing (90 degrees) to a blunt aboral end; wall coarsely agglomerated. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in its stouter proportions and the more abruptly narrowed aboral region. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica stout campanulate, consisting of a low funnel-shaped collar and a stouter fusiform bowl, its length 1.12-1.45 of the greatest transdiameter of the bowl; oral rim usually entire; collar short, flaring (80-90 degrees), variable in length and sometimes scarcely visible; its oral aperture 0.82-1.00 of the greatest transdiameters of the bowl; bowl broadest a little above the middle, aborally convex conical (75-110 degrees) to a bluntly pointed end; wall made of coarse agglomerated particles, without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
A conspicuous variation is recognizable in form of the collar. The typical forms are shallow dish-like and are marked in nuchal constriction, but the constriction in some ones is hardly visible, and a few individuals have a newly made part above the original collar as shown by Brandt (1906) in his figures (Pl.18, fig.1, 2). Variation in length of the bowl is seen. Large specimens of an average length of 82 um occur usually in spring among rich phytoplankton, and small ones of an average length of 65 um are found in autumn when phytoplankton is very poor. The species differs from T. fimbriata Meunier and T. meunieri Kofoid & Campbell in uniformity on the oral margin and in the more blunt aboral end, from T. schotti Brandt in the smaller collar, and from Stenosemella ventricosa Claparede & Lachmann in the lack of a low hyaline collar. (ref. ID; 3596)
Measurements
Length 74 (63-95); oral diameter 53-65; greatest transdiameter of the bowl 55-66 um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica campanulate, consisting of a broadly expanding and everated oral region and a convex conical bowl, its length 0.94-1.05 oral diameter; oral rim roughened, conical (about 130 degrees); bowl narrowest at the upper third of the lorica, its least transdiameter 0.41-0.45 of the oral diameter, dilated posteriorly a little (7-9 degrees), 0.43-0.48 of the oral diameter in greatest transdiameter at the posterior 0.25 of the total length; aboral end hemispherical; wall 0.023-0.027 oral diameters in thickness, with a trace of a spiral structure in the suboral nuchal region. (ref. ID; 3606)
The lorica is cylindrical, slightly flared orally and rounded aborally by forming a bowl. Agglomeration is heavy in the bowl and moderate in the flare and collar. The lorica is about 1.4 oral diameters in length. (ref. ID; 4669)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis cyathus Daday and Tps. everta Kofoid and Campbell in the more spreading oral flare and from Tps. mortensenii Schmidt in the shape of the oral flare which is not so much everted in this species as in the last. (ref. ID; 3606)
It differs from the allied species, T. mortenseni Schmidt in the nature of the flare which is more everted in the latter. Our form resembles Hada's (1932) and Marshall's (1969) in many respects. However, its oral diameter is slightly lesser than that given by Hada (1932). (ref. ID; 4669)
Measurements
Length 88 (84-92); oral diameter 88 (80-92); greatest transdiameter of the bowl 40 (38-43) um. (ref. ID; 3606)
Length, 19.0 um (?misspelling 91.0 um) (87.5-92.5 um); oral diameter 62.4 um (62.1-64.8 um). (ref. ID; 4669)
Lorica ovoidal, 2.3 oral diameters in length, consisting of a short subcylindrical collar and an ovate bowl, widest near the middle, its greatest transdiameter 1.8 of the oral diameter; oral rim ragged; shoulder gradually sloping; aboral end rounded; wall rather coarse and thick, without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3606)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis compressa Daday in the presence of the marked subcylindrical nuchal part and from Tps. nucula (Fol) in the widened bowl, in the hemispherical aboral end and in the less shouldered collar. (ref. ID; 3606)
Lorica consisting of a cylindrical main part with agglomerated particles and a branched aboral horn without foreign particles as an antler having 1-4 branches; surface rather coarse without a spiral figure in the main part, but in the aboral horn fine reticulation appearing. (ref. ID; 3495)
Comments
The new form is apparently different from the all of the species of Tintinnopsis in having a branched horn characteristic in structure. In the lorica of the new form the border between the walls different in constructure is clearly observed, but is not the true one in those of Tintinnopsis, even in loricae composed of scarce agglomerated particles, such as in that of T. cochleata (Brandt). (ref. ID; 3495)
Measurements
Length 150-225 um; length of an aboral horn 37-65 um; oral diameter 28-33 um. (ref. ID; 3495)
Lorica generally flask-shaped, consisting of a cylindrical or conical collar and an inflated bowl. 1.3-2.6 oral diameters in length; oral rim entire, usually ragged with coarse agglomerated particles; collar various in length and form, often narrowed slightly in diameter towards the bowl and rarely forming an inverted truncate cone, usually having a spiral structure, at least in its upper part, its length from one-fifth to a half of the total length; bowl globose; aboral end generally hemispherical, sometimes roundly conical; wall composed of rather coarse particles. (ref. ID; 3280)
Comments
The species was first described by Leidy (1877) as a form of Testacea named Difflugia cratera in America, but he (1879) questioned whether it might be included in Tintinnus of the Ciliate from the structure of the lorica. Afterwards, it was removed by Vorce (1881) to Codonella. However, Entz (1885) reported it under the name of Codonella lacustris in Europe, and then it was redescribed by Brandt (1907) as a species of Tintinnopsis. From the construction of the lorica it apparently belongs to Tintinnopsis, the present writer agreeing with Brandt's classification. Therefore, it is reasonable that the name of this species should be Tintinnopsis cratera. (ref. ID; 3280)
Measurements
Length 40-80; oral diameter 30-42; greatest diameter of the bowl 32-38 um. (ref. ID; 3280)
Lorica tubular in the upper part, changing gradually to the dilated form in the lower part 2.2-2.5 oral diameters in length; oral margin somewhat smooth; wall with fine foreign particles, more or less thin, colored yellowish, spiral structure rather faint. (ref. ID; 3280)
Comments
The new variety differs from the typical form and the other varieties in having a yellowish thin wall, very slight spiral organization and indistinct conjunction between the collar and bowl. From Lake Akan it was collected in winter in company with the typical form. It is of more frequent appearance in winter than in summer in bog lakes. (ref. ID; 3280)
Type locality
The variety was examined in plankton collections obtained from Lake Akan and bog lakes in Tokati Province, Hokkaido, also from a pond at Hailar, Manhcoukuo. (ref. ID; 3280)
In lakes. (ref. ID; 1618)
Lorica cylindrical in the main part, sometimes slightly inflated in the posterior region, 2.0-3.4 oral diameters in length; oral margin ragged; aboral end usually rounded; wall somewhat thin, without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3280)
Comments
The separation of this species from some forms of Tps. cratera (Leidy) having a slight posterior inflation is fairly difficult, however, it is possible to discriminate them by the following differences; loricae of this species never have a spiral structure and generally take a comparatively neat appearance, but in those of Tps. cratea the spiral organization is always seen and the surface of the wall is usually more or less coarse. (ref. ID; 3280)
The length of the lorica varied from 105 to 175 um. The oral diameter remained relatively invariable, ranging from 35 to 40 um. The pedicel was hollow and normally appeared broken. Its length ranged between 15 and 40 um but normally it was ~25 um long. (ref. ID; 4577)
Lorica elongated, campanulate, consisting of a low oral flare (55-90 degrees), a subcylindrical median part, and a globose posterior region, 2.3-2.7 greatest transdiameters of the bowl in length; oral rim formed irregularly, 1.05-1.37 greatest transdiameters of the bowl in oral diameter; median part slightly tapering narrowest at its distal portion, its shortest diameter 0.75-0.97 greatest diameters of the bowl; aboral end hemispherical; wall coarse in appearance. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica tall campanulate, 1.6-2.2 oral diameters in length; oral rim irregular, flaring (60-92 degrees); suboral region somewhat tapering, conical (5-10 degrees), laid up with about 6 spiral turns, narrowest at the basal portion of the subcylindrical part, its smallest transdiameter 0.68-0.82 of the oral diameter posterior region subspherical, with a rounded aboral end, 0.80-0.95 oral diameters in transdiameter; wall rather coarse in the posterior part, about 0.035 diameters in thickness at the thickest portion of the aboral region. (ref. ID; 3606)
The species is characterised by the presence of a moderately erect lorica which is companulate anteriorly and subspherical posteriorly. The lorica is about 1.7 oral diameters in length. Agglomeration is light on the cylindrical part of the lorica and fairly pronounced on the bowl. (ref. ID; 4669)
Comments
The species differs from T. everta Kofoid & Campbell and T. cyathus Daday in a having a distinct globose posterior region. (ref. ID; 3597)
Differs from Tintinnopsis dadayi Kofoid in the elongated lorica and in the coarse surface, from Tps. everta Kofoid and Campbell in having a distinct aboral enlargement, from Tps. pallida Brandt in the presence of the more differentiated aboral part, and from Tps. turgida Kofoid and Campbell in possession of a flare of the oral rim. (ref. ID; 3606)
Lorica consisting of a short cylindrical collar and a fusiform bowl, its length 2-3 oral diameters; oral rim smooth; collar erect, low, 0.07-0.15 of the total length; bowl broadest in the suboral shoulder border, its greatest transdiameter 1.14-1.36 oral diameter; aboral region conical (50-70 degrees); aboral end usually bluntly pointed when present; wall generally thin, neatly agglomerated in the collar, thicker and composed of comparatively coarser particles in the bowl; aboral opening present, usually placed laterally and occasionally obliquely; no spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
In general the wall of the collar is apparently different from that of the bowl in construction, and is possible to descriminate from that of bowl. An aboral aperture opens laterally along the conical side of the aboral region in many specimens, but obliquely in few specimens with an aboral end cut off. The species differs from other species of Tintinnopsis in that the structure of the collar is easily distinguishable from that of the bowl. (ref. ID; 3596)
Measurements
Length 74 (60-92); oral diameter 32 (28-38); length of the collar 6 (4-13); greatest transdiameter of the bowl 40 (36-45) um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica large, slightly conical (7-10 degrees) in the anterior 0.5-0.6 of the total length, then gradually narrowing (40-46 degrees) to an aboral end, its length 2.3-2.6 oral diameters; oral margin entire or ragged; aboral end bluntly pointed or irregularly formed; wall coarsely agglomerated, without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
The oral rim is smooth in most specimens, but rough as being broken in few specimens. The aboral end is often irregularly shaped by coarse agglomeration of particles. The species differs from T. vosmaeri Daday in the slender lorica and from T. ampula in the more tapering aboral region and the lack of a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica fusiform, 1.8-2.1 oral diameters in length; oral rim roughened; oral region slightly flaring from the result of a promedian constriction; bowl narrowed in the portion of the anterior 0.33-0.37 of the lorica, its shortest transdiameter 0.87-0.90 of an oral diameter; aboral region conical (55-65 degrees) in the posterior 0.42 of the lorica; aboral end usually subacute; wall rather coarsely agglomerated. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
This form differs from the typical one of T. elongata Daday in its smaller size and the presence of a promedian constriction. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica finger-shaped, 3.3-4.0 oral diameters in length; oral margin usually comparatively smooth; bowl tubular, sometimes slightly swollen in the posterior one-third of the bowl; aboral region convex conical (40-75 degrees) with a blunt distal end; wall coarsely agglomerated without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from T. karajacensis Brandt in the conical aboral region instead of the round. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica large, sac-shaped, 1.2-1.8 oral diameters in length; oral rim entire; bowl cylindrical, aborally hemispherical of convex conical; wall neatly agglomerated, with a slight spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica comparatively large, stout capsular, 1.34-1.67 oral diameters in length; oral rim usually entire, sometimes smoothly uneven; bowl widely cylindrical in the anterior two-thirds of the total length; aboral region hemispherical or convex conical, contracting to a rounded aboral end; wall almost uniform in thickness, neatly agglomerated with small foreign particles, showing a few faint spiral turns by arrangement of the agglomerated material in the suboral part. (ref. ID; 3604)
Comments
The aboral region of the lorica is often broadly rounded, but sometimes conical (90 degrees). The spiral structure is seen throughout the cylindrical part of the lorica in some specimens, however, in others it appears only in the suboral part of the lorica. The species differs from T. elongata Daday in the rounded aboral end and fine agglomeration of the test. (ref. ID; 3596)
Differs from Tintinnopsis rotundata Jorgensen in larger size and fine agglomerations, from Tps. mayeri Daday in the rounded aboral end, and from Tps. cyathus Daday in the absence of an oral flare. (ref. ID; 3604)
Type locality
Type locality, off the eastern coast of Aomori-Ken, Japan. (ref. ID; 3604)
Lorica capsular, 2 oral diameters in length; oral margin roughened; bowl cylindrical in the margin part, rounded in the aboral end; wall coarsely agglomerated, often with a spiral structure in the anterior region of the lorica. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica cylindrical, 2.0-2.7 oral diameters in length, oral rim ragged; aboral end rounded or disfigured as the result of irregularly agglomerated particles; wall coarse, having several slight spiral turns in the anterior half. (ref. ID; 3606)
Comments
This species differs from T. directa Hada in the absence of the oral flare and the posterior inflation. (ref. ID; 3597)
Differs from Tintinnopsis cochleata (Brandt) in less extensive spiral organization and in roughened agglomeration, from Tps. lobiancoi Daday in the shorter lorica, and from Tps. rotundata Jorgensen in more slender proportions and in the shape of the aboral end. (ref. ID; 3606)
Lorica elongate, cylindrical with an aboral horn, its length 3.5-6.5 oral diameters; aboral horn tubular, obliquely opening at the tip, its length 0.15-0.31 of the total length; wall rather coarsely agglomerated, without spirality. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica elongated, inverted bottle-shaped, 4.5-7.4 oral diameters in length, consisting of a bowl contracting abruptly to an aboral horn; oral rim formed irregularly, without modification; bowl cylindrical, conical (45-63 degrees) aborally; aboral horn tubular, 0.12-0.21 total length in length, about 0.28 of the oral diameter in transdiameter at its middle; aboral tip open usually obliquely, but not by a greatly elongated lateral opening; wall thin, subuniform in thickness, irregularly agglomerated, without definite spiral organization. (ref. ID; 3604)
Comments
Individual variation is observable in the length and shape of the aboral opening. The species differs from T. cylindrica Daday and T. radix (Imhof) in the abruptly tapering aboral part, the cylindrical aboral horn, and the absence of spiral organization. (ref. ID; 3596)
Differs from Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday in the presence of the aboral opening, and from Tps. radix (Imhof) in lack of spiral structure, more abrupt contraction of the bowl, and less lateral development of the aboral opening. (ref. ID; 3604)
Type locality
Type locality, Matsushima Bay; other localities, Mutsu Bay and the Sea of Okhotsk. (ref. ID; 3604)
Measurements
Length 155 (115-227); oral diameter 33 (33-35); length of the aboral horn 30 (25-40) um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Length 185 (160-188); oral diameter 36 (35-38); length of the aboral horn 35 (23-44); thickness of the wall 1.5-2.0 um. (ref. ID; 3604)
Length 171 (156-188); oral diameter 38 (35-40); length of the aboral horn 38 (32-43) um. (ref. ID; 3607)
Lorica small fusiform, 3.3-4.5 oral diameters in length; oral margin entire; bowl somewhat dilated in the posterior region, its greatest transdiameter 1.1-1.2 oral diameters; aboral horn short, 0.08-0.13 of the total length, having an irregularly formed opening; wall thin with scarce agglomerated particles, spiral structure absent. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
The variety differs from the typical form of T. kofoidi Hada in smaller dimension, having a posterior expansion of the bowl, and fewer foreign particles on the surface. (ref. ID; 3596)
Measurements
Length 84 (70-100); oral diameter 22 (21-24); transdiameter of the bulge 26 (25-29); length of the aboral horn 9 (8-10) um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Tintinnopsis radix f. cyrta-subrotundata Laackmann, 1913 (ref. ID; 3606); Tintinnopsis radix f. subrotundata Laackmann, 1913 (ref. ID; 3606)
Descriptions
Lorica elongate, tubular, usually straight, 4.5 oral diameters in length; oral rim ragged; aboral end rounded or shaped somewhat irregularly; wall agglomerated roughly, but comparatively thin, 0.04 of the oral diameter in thickness, without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3606)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt in the longer lorica and in slender proportions and from Tps. cochleata (Brandt) in lack of the spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3606)
Lorica vase-like with a cylindrical collar and a bowl, 1.3-2.2 oral diameters in length; collar usually short, 0.16-0.40 of the total length in length; bowl expanding to its greatest transdiameter of 1.06-1.24 oral diameters; aboral region rounded or convex conical; wall coarsely agglomerated, a few spiral turns appearing in the collar. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica stout flask-shaped, 2 oral diameters in length, cylindrical anteriorly, enlarged aborally; oral rim more or less irregular, no oral flare; tubular part 0.40-0.43 of the total length in length, provided with 2 or 3 spiral turns; aboral region subspherical or broadly conical, 1.14-1.23 oral diameters in transdiameter at the posterior 0.3 of the total length; wall agglomerated rather cloarsely, 0.08 oral diameters in thickness. (ref. ID; 3606)
Small loricate species; about 2.2 oral diameters in length. The lorica consists of a short cylindrical collar portion and bowl which is ovate. The bowl is more heavily agglomerated than the collar. (ref. ID; 4669)
Comments
The seasonal variation in length was observed as follows: larger specimens of an average length of 73 um generally occur in autumn and smaller one of an average length of 69 um are found in spring and summer. The collar is widely variable in length. The specimens bearing a short collar like T. turbo are more frequently found than those having the long one in Akkeshi Bay. Variation of the aboral end is not remarkable, and there have not been found any specimens provided with a rounded aboral end as in those from Mutsu Bay. The species differs from T. subacuta Jorgensen in proportion of the collar to the bowl and from T. tubulosa Levander in posterior inflation and the present of the spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Differs from Tintinnopsis compressa Daday in contour being composed of the oral cylindrical part and the expanding aboral region, from Tps. subacuta Jorgensen in the shortened anterior tubular part and in the shape of the aboral end, and from Tps. turgida Kofoid & Campbell in the short suboral region and in the presence of the spiral structure in the same portion. (ref. ID; 3606)
Measurements
Length 72 (58-110); oral diameter 48 (35-52); length of the collar 20 (10-50); greatest transdiameter of the bowl 55 (40-62) um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Length 60; oral diameter 30 um. (ref. ID; 3606)
Length, 57.6 um (57.0-57.8 um); oral diameter, 26.4 um (26.2-26.6 um). (ref. ID; 4669)
Lorica elongate bag-shaped, 1.88 oral diameters in length, consisting of a flaring collar and a tall bowl; oral margin roughened; collar dish-like, 0.2 of the total length in height, its basal diameter 0.7 of an oral diameter; bowl gradually expanding (12 degrees), broadest in the position of the posterior 0.2 of the lorica, its greatest diameter 0.76 oral diameter; aboral region broadly convex conical (137 degrees) to a bluntly pointed end; wall composed of coarse foreign particles without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from T. schotti Brandt in the elongate bowl inflated in its posterior part, but the bowl of the latter is widened near its middle. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica very small, 1.7-2.0 oral diameters in length; oral rim ragged; bowl usually cylindrical, occasionally formed irregularly; aboral end conical or rounded. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in the smaller size and the shape of the aboral region. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica flask-shaped, consisting of a short tubular collar and an ovate bowl, its length 3 oral diameters; collar low, subcylindrical, 0.31 of the total length; bowl ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.8 oral diameters in greatest diameter; oral rim rough; aboral end rounded; wall coarsely agglometerated, no spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from T. compressa Daday in the lack of a suboral constriction and from T. lata Meunier in the presence of a differentiated collar. (ref. ID; 3597)
Measurements
Length 55; oral diameter 18; length of the collar 17; greatest diameter of the bowl 33 um. (ref. ID; 3597)
The lorica consists of a low oral funnel of a quarter of the total length and a conical bowl with a broadly conical aboral end. The wall with sparse foreign particles is very thin in the oral funnel, while generally thicker in the bowl. (ref. ID; 3544)
Comments
The new species is allied T. schotti Brandt recorded from the tropical sea off Borneo in form, but is easily distinguishable from the tropical form (100-110 um) in smaller size and in having a lorica composed of a thin wall. (ref. ID; 3544)
Lorica bullet-shaped, 3-4 oral diameters in length without an aboral spine; oral margin ragged; bowl usually cylindrical, sometimes slightly constricted in its middle; aboral region forming an inverted cone of 80-95 degrees, with a long, somewhat irregularly curved, hyaline spine having a pointed tip, its length 0.37-0.45 of the length of the bowl; wall composed of rather minute foreign particles. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from all other species of Tintinnopsis in having a hyaline aboral spine. (ref. ID; 3597)
Measurements
Length 110 (98-142); oral diameter 33 (31-35); length of the aboral spine 45 (33-48) um. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica cylindrical in the main part with a few faint spiral figures, slightly inflated in the posterior region, then gradually conical to the end which is not usually pointed due to a distal opening irregular in shape and position; surface rather coarse. (ref. ID; 3495)
Comments
It closely resembles to T. cylindrica Daday of European waters in outline of a lorica, but apparently differs from the latter in having an aboral opening, and is also allied to the species carrying a cylindrical lorica with an aboral opening, such as T. kofoidi Hada and T. radix (Imhof) occurring with it in Hiroshima Bay. It is secured from them in contour of the posterior region of a lorica. (ref. ID; 3495)
Lorica minute, bullet-shaped, its length 2.2-3.0 oral diameter; oral margin entire, more or less ragged; bowl cylindrical; aboral region conical (43-65 degrees), laterally or obliquely opening to form an irregular aboral aperture and thence the aboral tip broken or cut off; wall thin, with scarce agglomerated particles, spiral structure absent. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
The aboral opening is variable in size and shape. It is sometimes very small, but rarely fairly large. The species differs from T. beroidea Stein and T. angustior Jorgensen in the presence of an aboral opening. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica elongate, tubular, 6.58 oral diameters in length; bowl cylindrical, aborally narrowing to an aboral horn opening obliquely; wall more or less thin, with a weakly developed spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica elongate, slender, tubular, 6.0-9.5 oral diameters in length; oral rim generally entire, sometimes irregular; bowl long, cylindrical; aboral region tapering gradually into an aboral horn, inverted conical (41-21 degrees); aboral horn usually more or less curved, with an irregularly formed aboral opening typically set laterally as gouged, leaving its tip or cutting off it; wall thin and fragile, 0.03 of the oral diameter in thickness, with a slight spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3606)
Comments
The species differs from T. kofoidi Hada in the aboral region which is gradually tapering and in the thin wall. (ref. ID; 3596)
Differs from Tintinnopsis kofoidi Hada in the fragile construction of the lorica, in less contraction at the aboral region, and in the shape of the lateral opening in the aboral horn. (ref. ID; 3606)
Lorica fusiform, consisting of a short cylindrical collar and a conical bowl, its length 1.8-3.4 oral diameters; oral rim entire; collar 0.1-0.2 of the total length, occasionally showing a peculiar structure different from that of the main part; bowl inflated in the anterior 1.2-0.4 of the lorica, its greatest transdiameter 1.1-1.3 oral diameters, then tapering (30-70 degrees) to a blunt aboral end; aboral region provided with a lateral opening just on or a little above the aboral end; wall a coarsely agglomerated, without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
A seasonal diversity of size occurs in the species. Small specimens (40-45 um) usually appear in summer and large ones (50-60 um) are often found in materials at the end of each year. Variations of form are seen in length, structure and extension of the conical aboral region. In specimens of Akkeshi Bay are a few ones having a finely agglomerated collar which has been probably made later than the other coarser part as shown in Meunier's P1.12, fig.29, but the writer has secured to individuals with so long a collar as drawn in Pl.12, fig.33 by Meunier (1910). The aboral opening is subuniform in size and the terminal of the aboral end is always left. The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in the presence of a bulge of the bowl and an aboral aperture, and from T. sufflata in having a suboral inflation instead of a posterior one. (ref. ID; 3596)
Measurements
Length 50 (37-65); oral diameter 20 (18-23); greatest transdiameter of the bowl 24 (22-27) um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica bell-shaped, constricted in the suboral 0.2-0.25 of the total length, 1.15-1.41 oral diameters in length; oral rim irregular; collar widely flaring to form an inverted truncated low cone of 45-75 degrees with convex sides, its shortest basal diameter 0.68-0.78 of an oral diameter; bowl cup-shaped, usually broadest a little below its middle, 0.75-0.85 of an oral diameter in greatest diameter; aboral region broadly convex conical (96-120 degrees) to a blunt distal end; wall coarsely agglomerated, thickened to make an inward projection at the nuchal constriction, no spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3597)
Comments
The species differs from T. orientalis Kofoid & Campbell in having a more flaring low collar and a more distinct nuchal constriction and from T. loricata Brandt in possessing a stouter bowl. (ref. ID; 3597)
Lorica stout bullet-shaped, 1.9 oral diameters in length; oral rim entire; bowl cylindrical, contracting posteriorly, changing from 80 degrees in the aboral region to 38 degrees in the distal end looking like an aboral horn; wall rather thin, with several faint spiral turns in the anterior half of the lorica. (ref. ID; 3607)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis acuminata Daday in stouter proportions and from Tps. beroidea Stein in having the more tapering aboral end. (ref. ID; 3607)
Lorica stout finger-shaped, 2.5-3.4 oral diameters in length; oral rim rough; bowl cylindrical in the upper half of the lorica, somewhat dilated in the anterior 0.52-6.8 of the total length, its greatest transdiameter 1.05-1.15 oral diameters; aboral region convex conical (50-68 degrees), terminating to a blunt end; aboral opening present, irregularly formed, laterally or obliquely placed near the aboral end, its width 0.3-0.5 oral diameters; wall coarsely agglomerated without a spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
No marked variation. Some specimens are fairly ill-formed by coarse agglomeration of particles. The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in its slender size and the presence of an aboral aperture, from T. angustior Jorgensen in coarser agglomeration and opening at the aboral region, and from T. rapa Meunier in the posterior position of the widened part. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica capsular, 1.9-2.5 oral diameters in length; bowl generally tubular, sometimes very slightly dilated in its posterior part, 1.0-1.1 oral diameters in transdiameter at the broadest; wall thin occasionally with a faint spiral structure in the suboral region, bearing fine and sparse agglomerated particles. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica elongated capsular, 2.0-2.5 oral diameters in length; oral rim usually entire; bowl cylindrical; aboral end generally hemispherical; wall thin, subuniform, 0.03 of the oral diameter in thickness, showing a slight spiral structure in the suboral part, with fine and sparse agglomerations. (ref. ID; 3606)
Comments
The species differs from T. beroidea Stein in delicacy of the lorica and the rounded aboral end, from T. rotundata Jorgensen in the thin wall and sparse agglomeration of the wall, and from T. angustior Jorgensen in stouter contour and the form of the aboral region. (ref. ID; 3596)
Differs from Tintinnopsis acuminata Daday and Tps. beroidea Stein in the rounded aboral end and in the presence of the faint spiral structure, from Tps. karajacensis Brandt and Tps. rotundata Jorgensen in dimensions and in a sparse agglomerated material, and from Tps. minuta Wailes in being larger and in more slender proportions. (ref. ID; 3606)
Tintinnopsis aperta var. a Brandt, 1906 (ref. ID; 3606)
Descriptions
Lorica elongated, 4.7 oral diameters in length, cylindrical anteriorly, expanding posteriorly, tapering distally into a stout aboral horn; dilated part not spiraled, 1.2 of the oral diameter in transdiameter; aboral horn conical (35 degrees), obliquely or irregularly open at the tip; wall thick and coarse. (ref. ID; 3606)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis aperta Brandt in the absence of the spiral structure at the enlarged region and in having the stout aboral horn. (ref. ID; 3606)
Lorica consisting of a cylindrical collar and a bowl, its length 2.1-3.5 oral diameters; collar 0.25-0.50 of the total length long; bowl somewhat inflated, broadest in the posterior 0.33-0.40 of the lorica, its greatest transdiameter 1.05-1.25 oral diameters; aboral region usually conical (75-90 degrees) to an acute distal end or rarely rounded with a blunt end; wall rather thin, but irregular in appearance, no spiral structure. (ref. ID; 3596)
Comments
The length of the dilated part is comparatively constant, but that of the collar is variable. Most of the specimens from Akkeshi Bay are ragged on the surface of the lorica on account of the fragments of diatoms mingled in agglomerated particles. The species differs from T. subacuta Jorgensen in the lack of a short aboral horn, from T. tubulosoides Meunier in possession of a posterior inflation, and from T. pistillum Kofoid & Campbell in the conical aboral region. (ref. ID; 3596)
Measurements
Length 113 (85-140); oral diameter 40 (38-45); greatest transdiameter of the bowl 48 (42-57) um. (ref. ID; 3596)
Lorica elongate bullet-shaped, 2.0-3.3 oral diameters in length; oral rim more or less smooth; no collar; bowl cylindrical in the anterior 0.75 of the total length; aboral region contracting gradually, conical (58-73 degrees); aboral end generally acute, sometimes pointed bluntly; wall comparatively thin, with a few faint spiral turns in the suboral region, agglomerated particles somewhat sparse. (ref. ID; 3607)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein in having spiral structure and in the long cylindrical bowl, from Tps. strigosa Meunier in its more slender lorica, and from Tps. tubulosa Levander in the absence of the enlarged aboral region. (ref. ID; 3607)
Lorica campanulate, 1.5 oral diameters in length; oral rim ragged; bowl constricted at the suboral 0.3 of the total length, its narrowest transdiameter 0.8 oral diameters, sides concave in the anterior 0.6 of the lorica; aboral region an inverted cone of 78 degrees; aboral end subacute; wall more or less coarse, with very slight spiral organization in the suboral part. (ref. ID; 3607)
Comments
Differs from Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein and Tps. lata Meunier in the presence of the suboral constriction, and from Tps. compressa Daday in the widened oral aperture and in the tapering aboral end. (ref. ID; 3607)
Balech (1948) described this new species for the first time from Uruguay. Lorica is oval shaped. The oral rim has irregular ridges. These is a short, aboral horn, always with open end. The lorica is densely encrusted with coarse sand particles. (ref. ID; 4669)
Comments
?Euryhaline. This would appear to be fist report on T. uruguayensis (after Balech's discovery) of the new species from the Indo-Pacific region. Hada (1964) has also indicated the presence of the species from Hiroshima Bay, Japan. (ref. ID; 4669)
