Main Content
< Top page

The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Kahliella

Kahliella Corliss, 1960 (ref. ID; 2014, 7673)

Class Polyhymenophora: Subclass Spirotricha: Order Hypotrichida: Suborder Stichotrichina: Family Spirofilidae (ref. ID; 2014)
Family Kahliellidae (Tuffrau, 1979) (ref. ID; 7670)
Family Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 7423)

Synonym Kahlia Horvath, 1932 (ref. ID; 2014)

[ref. ID; 2014]
Dorso-ventrally flattened, oval body with several (5-10) rows of long, this ventral cirri that are not well differentiated from the 2 rows of marginal cirri. The dorsal surface with about 5 longitudinal rows of cilia. The AZM is relatively small and short, restricted to the anterior body third and there are 3 or 4 strong cirri at its anterior margin. Transverse cirri absent. 2 ovoid macronuclei each with an adjacent micronucleus. Species of this genus are sapropelic, being found in stagnant water. Several species have been described.
Quote; Colin R. Curds, Michael A. Gates and David McL. Roberts "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part II Ciliophora: Oligohymenophora and Polyhymenophora" Cambridge University Press, 1983 (ref. ID; 2014)

[ref. ID; 3925]
From published descriptions of morphogenesis of Kahliella acrobates (Horvath, 1932), the front-buccal field -with a fan-like array of ciliary streaks- appears essentially identical to that of Amphisiella and Paraurostyla, rather than to the urostylid pattern. The absence of any evidence of transverse cirri in Kahliella, together with developmental similarities to Hypotrichidium, supports transfer of the former genus to the Spirofilidae. (ref. ID; 3925)

[ref. ID; 7670]
Morphology and morphogenesis. (ref. ID; 7670)
  1. Kahliella acrobates Horvath, 1932 (ref. ID; 3925, 7760)
  2. Kahliella acrobates (Kahl) (ref. ID; 1308) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
  3. Kahliella bacilliformis Gelei, 1954 (ref. ID; 7735) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
  4. Kahliella franzi (Foissner, 1982) Berger & Foissner, 1988 (ref. ID; 4751 redescribed paper) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
    See; Pseudokahliella marina (Foissner, Adam & Foissner, 1982) Berger, Foissner & Adam, 1985 (ref. ID; 7423)
    Syn; Gonostomum franzi Foissner, 1982 (ref. ID; 4751)
  5. Kahliella marina W. Foissner, Adam & I. Foissner, 1982 (ref. ID; 7673 redescribed paper) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
  6. Kahliella microstoma Dragesco & Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986 (ref. ID; 4730)
    Syn; Uroleptopsis multiseta Dragesco, 1970 (ref. ID; 4730)
  7. Kahliella simplex (Horvath, 1934) Corliss, 1960 (ref. ID; 7423) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191, 4751)
  1. Kahlia acrobates Horvath, 1932 (ref. ID; 3925) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618, 1621)
  2. Kahlia costata Kahl (ref. ID; 1335, 1621)

Kahliella franzi (Foissner, 1982) Berger & Foissner, 1988 (ref. ID; 4751 redescribed paper) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)

See

Pseudokahliella marina (Foissner, Adam & Foissner, 1982) Berger, Foissner & Adam, 1985 (ref. ID; 7423)

Synonym

Gonostomum franzi Foissner, 1982 (ref. ID; 4751)

Descriptions

Morphogenesis: Morphogenesis commences with the formation of a long and narrow oral primordium between the left marginal row and the fronto-ventral row 4, obviously without contact to any parental cirri. In the macronuclear segments the replication band is recognizable. Next, a row of basal bodies from the right anterior end of the oral primordium migrates in an anteriad direction. Later, 2 streaks are recognizable. The right one is in a line with the cirral row 3, which appears disorganized in the posterior part, indicating that 1 or 2 cirri have been incorporated in this streak. The parental endoral membrane is somewhat stretched, which is the first sign of the beginning of its modification to a primordium. All cirri of the cirral row 2 -except the frontal cirrus- are disorganized. Two streaks are present at the level of the parental cytostome. Few basal body pairs commence with the proliferation in the middle part of the dorsal kinety 3. The cirri of the parental cirral row 3 (except the frontal cirrus), the middle and posterior part of the cirral row 4, and some cirri posterior to the middle part of the cirral row 5 are modified to primordia in the next stage. The anlage of the undulating membranes of the opisthe is formed to the right of the oral primordium. Proliferation of basal bodies occurs in all dorsal kineties at 2 sites, only indistinctly separated by 1 or 2 parental basal body pairs. Morphogenesis continues with the formation of a second primordium in the cirral row 5 and the origin of the anterior right marginal primordium. All ventral and marginal primordium are recognizable in the next staqe. The new frontal cirri and some cirri of the new rows 2, 3, and 4 are already segregated. The new undulating membranes of the proter and the parental paroral membrane are clearly separated. The primordia of the dorsal kineties are elongated and the macronuclear segments are fused. The new endoral membranes are discernible right to the anterior end of the new paroral membranes. The primordia of the dorsal kineties of the proter and the opisthe have moved apart and are distinctly separated. (ref. ID; 4751)

Comments

Foissner (1982) has already mentioned that this species probably does not belong to Gonostomum Sterki, 1878. The following characters argue for an inclusion of this species in the genus Kahliella Corliss, 1960: a) the morphologenetic analysis proves the absence of transverse and caudal cirri in K. franzi, as in K. acrobates and K. simplex, and their presence in G. affine, the type of the genus. The absence or presence of caudal and transverse cirri is used as a character to separate genera of hypotrichs; b) the arrangement of the fronto-ventral cirral rows in K. franzi is very similar to that of other species of Kahliella, e.g. K. acrobates or K. simplex. In G. affine the cirri are grouped as in other oxytrichids. The postoral ventral cirri, however, are situated in the frontal area, simulating a cirral pattern which is rather different from the general pattern of the typical oxytrichids; c) the morphogenesis of the fronto-ventral infraciliature of K. franzi proceeds in a similar way to that of K. acrobates and other members of the family Kahliellidae, e.g., Parakahliella macrostoma and P. haideri. Usually 5 fronto-ventral streaks are developed which produce a distinctly larger number of cirri than the 6 primordia of the Oxytrichidae, such as in O. gigantea and G. affine. The absence of additional marginal rows, a character which all other species of Kahliella (Borror 1972) possess, reminds one more of Gonostomum than of Kahliella. However, the establishment of a new genus, based on only this character was avoided, since the character mentioned above sufficiently suggest an inclusion in the genus Kahliella. The same decision was recently done for Parakahliella haideri. The shape of the adoral zone of membranelles and the undulating membranes is very similar in Gonostomum and Kahliella. Obviously, the typical "Gonostomum-like" shape of the buccal apparatus has evolved independently in genera which are classified in different families, indicating a low taxonomic value of this character. (ref. ID; 4751)

Species comparison

Kahliella franzi can be separated from the other members of the genus by the number of macronuclear segments and the possession of only 1 left and 1 right marginal row. (ref. ID; 4751)

Kahliella simplex (Horvath, 1934) Corliss, 1960 (ref. ID; 7423) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191, 4751)

Remarks

[Morphogenesis]: Two neokinetal waves develop, which is not typical for oxytrichids. One to the right originating from row seven and one to the left originating from the left marginal row L1. K. simplex is the only lowly evolved oxytrichid species developing a dorsomarginal kinety. One kinety on dorsal side is a "combined cirral row". (ref. ID; 7423)

Kahlia acrobates Horvath, 1932 (ref. ID; 3925) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618, 1621)

Descriptions

Soil infusion. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

100-200 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)