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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Chilodonella

Chilodonella Strand, 1928 (ref. ID; 2013, 3331)

Class Kinetofragminophora: Subclass Hypostomata: Order Cyrtophorida: Suborder Chlamydodontina (ref. ID; 2013)
Family Chilodonellidae (ref. ID; 3331)
Family Cyrtophoridae (ref. ID; 7698)

Synonym Chilodon Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 2013) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

See Pseudochilodonopsis

[ref. ID; 2013]
Outline shape oval to reniform sometimes with an anterior left-hand rostrum. Dorso-ventrally flattened, ventral surface flat, dorsal surface arched except for an anterior flattened region. Somatic cilia restricted to ventral surface consisting of several longitudinal kineties on the right of which most curve round the anterior region of the cell. The oral aperture is oval and is supported by a protrusible basket of trichites. There are 3 pre-oral kineties and the middle one curves around the right side of the oral aperture. The pre-oral kinety furthest from the aperture lies obliquely along the suture line. Beneath the latter pre-oral kinety there is a left field of longitudinal kineties which are positioned only on the left of the oral aperture. That is to say there is a central zone posterior to the aperture which is devoid of cilia, silver impregnation reveals a network of irregular polygons in this region. In Trithigmostoma this zone is ciliated. Macronucleus ovoid, 2 contractile vacuoles.
Quote; Colin R. Curds "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part I Ciliophora: Kinetofragminophora" Cambridge University Press, 1982 (ref. ID; 2013)

[ref. ID; 7332]
The body of the Chilodonella ciliate (Kinetophragminophorea) is dorsoventrally flattened and oval or cordate. Apart from the ventral ciliary rows, know as kineties, which form two longitudinal bands close to the body margins, the genus is characterized a prominent cytopharynx with three circumoral kineties. Until the 1970s the two parasitic Chilodonella species were usually confused, and it was mostly only C. piscicola that was recorded. The number of ciliary rows on the right and left sides on the ventral surface varied from 8-26 (Krascheninnikow 1952). As early as 1952, however, Prost (1952) had redescribed another Chilodonella species, C. hexasticha, and Kazubski & Migala (1974) later confirmed the occurrence of the two parasitic species on fish, based on a morphological analysis of the two ciliates. According to Lom & Dykova (1992), C. hexasticha differs from C. piscicola in that it lacks a notch at the posterior body margin, has less numerous and more loosely spaced kineties, and smaller body size. (ref. ID; 7332)
  1. Chilodonella acuta (ref. ID; 1622)
  2. Chilodonella algivora Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 4609) reported year? (ref. ID; 3771) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1622)
    See; Pseudochilodonopsis algivola (ref. ID; 4609)
  3. Chilodonella bavariensis Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 3593) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1622)
    See; Trithigmostoma bavariensis (ref. ID; 4730)
  4. Chilodonella bengalensis Ghosh, 1921 (ref. ID; 1622)
  5. Chilodonella calkinsi Kahl, 1928 (ref. ID; 1622)
    Syn; Chilodonella pediculatus Kahl, 1928 (ref. ID; 1622)
  6. Chilodonella capucina Penard, 1922 (ref. ID; 1622)
  7. Chilodonella caudata Stokes, 1885 (ref. ID; 1335, 1622) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)
  8. Chilodonella chattoni Mac Dougall, 1936
    See; Trithigmostoma chattoni (ref. ID; 3331)
  9. Chilodonella convexa Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 3593)
    See; Odontochlamys convexa (ref. ID; 4819)
  10. Chilodonella crassa (ref. ID; 191)
  11. Chilodonella crebricostata Mobius, 1888 (ref. ID; 1622)
  12. Chilodonella cucullula (ref. ID; 3292)
  13. Chilodonella cucullulus (ref. ID; 960)
  14. Chilodonella cucullulus (O.F. Muller, 1786) (ref. ID; 3593, 4488) reported year? (ref. ID; 1219, 1618, 3342, 3490, 5462, 5624, 7547)
    Syn; Chilodon steini Blochmann (ref. ID; 1618)
  15. Chilodonella cucullulus (O.F. Muller, 1786) Jankowski, 1967
    See; Trithigmostoma cucullus (ref. ID; 3331)
  16. Chilodonella cucullulus (O.F. Muller, 1786) Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 1622, 2245, 4609)
    See; Trithigmostoma cucullulus (ref. ID; 4609)
    Syn; Chilodonella steini Blochmann, 1895 (ref. ID; 1622); Kolpoda cucullulus O.F. Muller, 1786 (ref. ID; 4609)
  17. Chilodonella cucullulus (Stein) (ref. ID; 1308)
  18. Chilodonella cucullus (O.F. Muller) Ehrenberg, 1833 (ref. ID; 3115)
  19. Chilodonella cyprini Moroff, 1902 (ref. ID; 1622, 7245) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
    See; Chilodonella piscicola (ref. ID; 7332)
    Syn; Chilodon cyprini Moroff, 1902 (ref. ID; 1622)
  20. Chilodonella dentata Fouque, 1876 (ref. ID; 1622, 3593)
    See; Chilodonella uncinata (ref. ID; 2245, 3115)
    Syn; Chilodonella curvidens Gruber, 1883 (ref. ID; 1622)
  21. Chilodonella dentata Fouque, 1876 (ref. ID; 1622, 3593) reported year? (ref. ID; 5462)
    See; Chilodonella uncinata (ref. ID; 2245, 3115)
    Syn; Chilodonella curvidens Gruber, 1883 (ref. ID; 1622)
  22. Chilodonella dorsisuprema Foissner (ref. ID; 3698)
  23. Chilodonella elongata (Maskell, 1887) (ref. ID; 1622)
  24. Chilodonella fluviatilis Stokes, 1885 (ref. ID; 1622) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)
  25. Chilodonella gouraudi (Certes, 1891) (ref. ID; 1622, 3593)
    Syn; Chilodon geographicus Penard, 1922 (ref. ID; 1622, 3593); Odontochlamys gouraudi Certes, 1891 (ref. ID; 3593)
  26. Chilodonella granulata Penard, 1922 (ref. ID; 1622)
  27. >Chilodonella helgolandica (ref. ID; 1622, 2249)
  28. Chilodonella hexasticha Kiernik, 1909 (ref. ID; 7245, 7332) reported year? (ref. ID; 1622)
  29. Chilodonella hyalina Kidder & Summers (ref. ID; 1618)
  30. Chilodonella hyalina Sramek-Husek, 1952
    See; Trithigmostoma hyalina (ref. ID; 4730), Trithigmostoma srameki (ref. ID; 3331, 4609, 4819)
  31. Chilodonella labiata Stokes, 1891 (ref. ID; 1622)
  32. Chilodonella longipharynx Kidder & Summers (ref. ID; 1618)
  33. Chilodonella marginata Sramek-Husek, 1952
    See; Trithigmostoma marginata (ref. ID; 4730)
  34. Chilodonella megalotrochae Stokes, 1884 (ref. ID; 1622)
  35. Chilodonella nana Kahl, 1928 (ref. ID; 1622, 2249)
  36. Chilodonella piscatoris Blochmann, 1895 (ref. ID; 1622, 4609)
    See; Pseudochilodonopsis piscatoris (ref. ID; 4609)
  37. Chilodonella piscicola (Zacharias, 1894) Jankowski, 1980 (ref. ID; 7332)
    Syn; Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) (ref. ID; 7332)
  38. Chilodonella plurivacuolata Deroux & Dragesco, 1968
    See; Alinostoma plurivacuolata (ref. ID; 4781)
  39. Chilodonella porcellionis Dogiel & Furssenko, 1921 (ref. ID; 1622)
  40. Chilodonella propellens Engelmann, 1878 (ref. ID; 1622)
  41. Chilodonella psammophylla Dragesco, 1960 (ref. ID; 3690 original paper)
  42. Chilodonella rigida Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1620)
  43. Chilodonella rotunda Kidder & Summers (ref. ID; 1618)
  44. Chilodonella schedoeublepharis Dragesco & Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986
    See; Thigmogaster schedoeublepharis (ref. ID; 3331)
  45. Chilodonella schewiakoffi Schouteden, 1905 (ref. ID; 1622)
  46. Chilodonella steini Blochmann, 1895 (ref. ID; 1622, 4609, 7746) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 960, 7698)
    See; Chilodonella cucullulus (O.F. Muller, 1786) Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 1622), Trithigmostoma steini (ref. ID; 4609)
  47. Chilodonella subtilis Kahl, 1933 (ref. ID; 1620)
  48. Chilodonella turgidula Penard, 1922 (ref. ID; 1622)
  49. Chilodonella uncinata Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 2846, 3115, 3593) reported year? (ref. ID; 1219, 1618, 1629, 1896, 2245, 3342, 3698) or (Ehrenberg, 1838) Strand, 1928 (ref. ID; 3331, 4488, 4609) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191, 3292)
    See; Odontochlamys wisconsinensis (ref. ID; 2846)
    Syn; Chilodon uncinatus Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 4609); Chilodonella dentata Fouque, 1876 (ref. ID; 2245, 3115)
  50. Chilodonella wisconsinensis Kahl, 1931 (ref. ID; 3593)
    See; Odontochlamys wisconsinensis (ref. ID; 2846)

Chilodonella caudata Stokes, 1885 (ref. ID; 1335, 1622) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

Descriptions

Standing water. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

About 42 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Chilodonella cucullulus (O.F. Muller, 1786) (ref. ID; 3593, 4488) reported year? (ref. ID; 1219, 1618, 3342, 3690, 5462, 5624, 7547)

Synonym

Chilodon steini Blochmann (ref. ID; 1618)

Descriptions

Nineteen to twenty ventral ciliary rows; oral basket with about twelve rods and with three preoral membranes; macronucleus oval, a characteristic concentric structure; micronucleus small; fresh and brackish water. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

Body 100-300 um long, most often 130-150 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)
100-130x50-70 um. (ref. ID; 3342)

Chilodonella cyprini Moroff, 1902 (ref. ID; 1622, 7245) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)

See

Chilodonella piscicola (ref. ID; 7332)

Synonym

Chilodon cyprini Moroff, 1902 (ref. ID; 1622)

Descriptions

In the integument and gills of cyprinoid fishes; the organism, if freed from the host body, dies in twelve to twenty-four hours. (ref. ID; 1618)
Seven of eight specimens examined were ventral side down and appeared firmly in place on host tissue. They were shaped similarly to C. hexasticha and measured 25-35 um wide by 37-42 um long. Surficial morphology was similar to that of C. hexasticha in that there was a reticulated dorsal pellicle, there were the same number of cilia (8-10) in the dorsal ciliary row, the pellicle between ventral ciliary rows was smooth, the cytopharyngeal tube opened in an anteroventral position, and ventral cilia were of the same shape, size, and distribution. There were four distinct features on C. cyprini specimens: (i) a rigid lateral margin; (ii) an enigmatic prominent pore up to 5 um long on the dorsal surface; (iii) on a single specimen in full ventral view, right and left ciliary bands occurred in 10 and 11 rows (21 in total), respectively; and (iv) the pellicle of ventrolateral margins was raised into small protuberances which ran longitudinally and formed what appeared to be seven rows. (ref. ID; 7245)

Examined materials

Specimens identified as C. cyprini were discovered accidentally when we studying skin samples of captive goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) purchased from a Halifax pet store. (ref. ID; 7245)

Measurements

50-70 by 30-40 um. (ref. ID; 1618)

Chilodonella fluviatilis Stokes, 1885 (ref. ID; 1622) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

About 50 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Chilodonella helgolandica (ref. ID; 1622, 2249)

Descriptions

In marine. (ref. ID; 2249)

Chilodonella hexasticha Kiernik, 1909 (ref. ID; 7245, 7332) reported year? (ref. ID; 1622)

Descriptions

Specimens were compressed dorsoventally with concave dorsal and flat ventral surfaces. They were round to bean shaped in both dorsal and ventral views and measured 30-43 um in length and 22-40 um in width. Ventrally, between the two ciliary bands, the pellicle was relatively smooth. The exposed part of the cytopharynx was oval and 5 um long, with a slitlike opening running laterally. Ventral cilia were stout and 3-4 um long. In many specimens some cilia were lost during processing and this laid bare the pellicular crests separating the kineties. The left band, of six or sevenl ciliary rows, ran anteroposteriorly, the outermost being shorter than its partners. The right band also consisted of six or seven rows which originated preorally and followed a curved path posteriorly. One excretory pore occurred anteriorly in either inner row 2 or 3 of the right band and a second occurred in inner row 3 of the left band. Dorsally, the pellicle surface was reticulated with irregularly shaped, shallow compartments (1 um across)separated by narrow ridges. This pattern extended over the entire surface to the lateral margins and was interrupted only by a short row of 8-10 anterolateral cilia. One specimen we saw was undergoing binary fission. It had a pellicular bridge present halfway along the length of the left ciliary band. (ref. ID; 7245)

Examined materials

Specimens of C. hexasticha in 10% formalin-fixed skin scrapings, collected in November 1980 from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)) at the Fish Farming Experimental Station, Stuttgart, Arkansas, were obtained from Dr. G.L. Hofmann. (ref. ID; 7245)

Chilodonella hyalina Kidder & Summers (ref. ID; 1618)

Descriptions

Ectocommensal on Orchestia agilis. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

40 (36-47) um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Chilodonella longipharynx Kidder & Summers (ref. ID; 1618)

Descriptions

Cytopharynx long, reaches posterior end; ectocommensal on amphipods, Talorchestia longicornis and Orchestia palustris. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

17-21 um (average 19 um) long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Chilodonella nana Kahl, 1928 (ref. ID; 1622, 2249)

Descriptions

In marine. (ref. ID; 2249)

Chilodonella piscicola (Zacharias, 1894) Jankowski, 1980 (ref. ID; 7332)

Synonym

Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) (ref. ID; 7332)

Descriptions

Ectoparasitic species. (ref. ID; 7332)

Chilodonella rotunda Kidder & Summers (ref. ID; 1618)

Descriptions

Ectocommensal on Orchestia agilis. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

29 (27-34) um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Chilodonella uncinata Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 2846, 3115, 3593) reported year? (ref. ID; 1219, 1618, 1629, 1896, 2245, 3342, 3698) or (Ehrenberg, 1838) Strand, 1928 (ref. ID; 3331, 4488, 4609) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191, 3292)

See

Odontochlamys wisconsinensis (ref. ID; 2846)

Synonym

Chilodon uncinatus Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 4609); Chilodonella dentata Fouque, 1876 (ref. ID; 2245, 3115)

Descriptions

About 11 ventral ciliary rows; dorsally a transverse row of about 8 dorsal cilia or bristles; cytostome round, cytopharngeal trichites form a cornucopia; a single small micronucleus; the 2 contractile vacuoles are located in the anterior right quadrant and the posterior left quadrant, respectively. (ref. ID; 1219)
About eleven ventral ciliary rows; some seven dorsal bristles; widely distributed in various freshwater bodies; several varieties. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

Length 50-90 um. (ref. ID; 1219, 1618)
35-45x23 um. (ref. ID; 3342)